Preparing Effective Charts and Graphs
SECTION 1B: Understand the Limitations of Spreadsheet Programs

Using a spreadsheet program to create charts and graphs is quick, inexpensive, and effective. Once you input your data, you can use the spreadsheet program to display your data in various graphics customized to your needs. These graphics are easily stored, copied, and revised. As a result, spreadsheet programs represent a powerful tool for technical communicators.

You must, however, understand their limitations. Although the software offers you many options when you create a graphic, it will allow you to make poor choices. When using the software, you must rely on your understanding of your audience and purpose as well as the principles of effective graphics.

A poorly designed graph
Spreadsheet software does not provide advice on how to organize and present your data. If you haphazardly select options that the software makes available when you create a graphic, the result could be an ineffective graphic like the one below, which is unattractive, poorly organized, and difficult to read and understand.

Chart 3. Female versus Male Crashes While In-Line Skating

HOME: Introduction to this tutorial
1. Overview of the Process
  1. Analyze Your Audience and Purpose
  2. Understand the Limitations of Spreadsheet Programs
  3. Enter Data into a Spreadsheet Program
  4. Select Data to Include in a Graphic
  5. Choose the Appropriate Kind of Graphic
  6. Customize the Graphic for Your Audience and Purpose
  7. Select Where to Place the Graphic in the Spreadsheet
  8. Insert the Graphic into a Word-Processing or Presentation Program
  9. Integrate the Graphic and the Text
2. Designing Effective Charts & Graphs
  1. Make Sure Your Graphic Has a Purpose
  2. Aim for Simplicity
  3. Be Honest
  4. Present a Manageable Amount of Information
  5. Follow Common Conventions for Graphics
  6. Label Your Graphic
3. Sample Graphics for Analysis
  1. Pie Chart
  2. Gantt Chart
  3. 100-Percent Horizontal Bar Graph
  4. Vertical Bar Graph
  5. Line Graph


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