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Book-Specific Resources / Documenting Sources / APA Format: List of References The alphabetical list of the sources cited in your document is called References.
If your instructor asks that you list everything you have read—not just the sources
you cite—call the list Bibliography. Here are some guidelines for preparing a References list:
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Lightman, A. P. (2002). The diagnosis. New York: Vintage Books.
Walsh, M. E., & Murphy, J. A. (2003). Children, health, and learning: A guide to the issues. Westport, CT: Praeger. Committee on Abrupt Climate Change, National Research Council. (2002). Abrupt climate change: Inevitable surprises. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Use the word Author as the publisher when the organization is both the author and the publisher.
Resources for Rehabilitation. (2003). A woman's guide to coping with disability. London: Author. National Geographic atlas of the Middle East. (2003). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. Dickens, J. (Ed.). (1995). Family outing: A guide for parents of gays, lesbians and bisexuals. London: Peter Owen. Burke, W. W., & Nourmair, D. A. (2001). The role of personality assessment in organization development. In J. Waclawski & A. H. Church (Eds.), Organization development: A data-driven approach to organizational change (pp. 55-77). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Al-Farabi, A. N. (1998). On the perfect state (R. Walzer, Trans.). Chicago: Kazi. Moore, G. S. (2002). Living with the earth: Concepts in environmental health science (2nd ed.). New York: Lewis. Barnes, J. (Ed.). (1995). Complete works of Aristotle (Vol. 2). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Dean, C. (1994). Jaws and teeth. In The Cambridge encyclopedia of human evolution (pp. 56-59). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. If no author is listed, begin with the title.
Piaget, J. (1952). The language and thought of the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Original work published 1932) List two or more works by the same author in chronological order. Repeat the author's name in each entry.
Goodall, J. (1999). Reason for hope: A spiritual journey. New York: Warner Books. Goodall, J. (2002). Performance and evolution in the age of Darwin: Out of the natural order. New York: Routledge.
O'Connell, D. C., & Kowal, S. (2003). Psycholinguistics: A half century of monologism. The American Journal of Psychology, 116, 191-212. Hall, R. E. (2000). Marriage as vehicle of racism among women of color. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 37(2), 29-40. Ricciardi, S. (2003, August 5). Enabling the mobile work force. PC Magazine, 22, 46. Faler, B. (2003, August 29). Primary colors: Race and fundraising. The Washington Post, p. A5. Zelneck, B. (2003, July 18). Serving the public at public universities [Letter to the editor]. The Chronicle Review, p. B18. Annual meeting announcement. (2003, March). Cognitive Psychology, 46, 227. Ringel, S. (2003). [Review of the book Multiculturalism and the therapeutic process]. Clinical Social Work Journal, 31, 212-213. Smith, H. (2002, October). [Interview with A. Thompson]. The Sun, pp. 4-7. List the works alphabetically by title, and place lowercase letters (a, b, etc.) after the dates.
Shermer, M. (2002a). On estimating the lifetime of civilizations. Scientific American, 287(2), 33. Shermer, M. (2002b). Readers who question evolution. Scientific American, 287(1), 37.
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, includes guidelines
for citing various kinds of electronic resources, including Web sites; articles, reports, and abstracts; some
types of online communications; and computer software. Updated guidelines are maintained at the APA Web site,
www.apa.org.
The basic entry for most sources you access via the Internet should include the following elements:
To cite a whole Web site or a document from a Web site, include information as you would for a
print document, followed by information about its retrieval. If no author is identified, give the title of the
document followed by the date (if available), other publication information, and a retrieval statement.
Talking about your choices. (2001). Partnership for caring. Retrieved January 15, 2004, from http://www.partnershipforcaring.org/HomePage/ DotComSense: Commonsense ways to protect your privacy and assess online mental health information. (2000, January). APA Monitor, 31, 32. Retrieved January 25, 2001, from http://helping.apa.org/dotcomsense/ If the article also appears in a print journal, no retrieval statement is required; instead,
include the label [Electronic version] after the article title. However, if the online article is a revision of
the print document (if the format differs or page numbers are not indicated), include the date of access and the URL.
Steedman, M., & Jones, G. P. (2000). Information structure and the syntax-phonology interface [Electronic version]. Linguistic Inquiry, 31, 649-689. Palmer, K. S. (2000, September 12). In academia, males under a microscope. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2001, from http://www.washingtonpost.com To cite an online article that did not appear in print, give the date of access and URL.
Lou, L., & Chen, J. (2003, January). Attention and blind-spot phenomenology. Psyche, 9(2). Retrieved March 22, 2003, from http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v9/psyche-9-02-lou.html Give the information as you would for a print document. List the date you retrieved the article and the
name of the database. If you are citing an abstract, end by typing Abstract retrieved and the date of access and
name of the database. End with the document number in parentheses, if appropriate.
Crook, S. (2003). Change, uncertainty and the future of sociology. Journal of Sociology, 39(1), 7-14. Retrieved January 10, 2004, from Expanded Academic ASAP database (A101260213). Hayhoe, G. (2001). The long and winding road: Technology's future. Technical Communication, 48(2), 133-145. Retrieved September 22, 2001, from ProQuest database. McCall, R. B. (1998). Science and the press: Like oil and water? American Psychologist, 43(2), 87-94. Abstract retrieved August 23, 2002, from PsycINFO database (1988-18263-001). Because the APA stresses that any sources cited in your list of references be retrievable by your readers, you should not include entries for email messages or real-time communications (such as IMs); instead, cite these sources in your text as forms of personal communication (see instructions for citing personal communication in the APA Format: Content Notes section, under "Email and other personal communication"). List an online posting in the references list only if you are able to retrieve the message from
a mailing list's archive. Provide the author's name (if the author's real name is unavailable, include the screen name);
the date of posting, in parentheses; and the subject line from the posting. Include any information that further
identifies the message in square brackets. For a listserv message, end with the retrieval statement,
including both the name of the list and the URL of the archived message.
Troike, R. C. (2001, June 21). Buttercups and primroses [Msg 8]. Message posted to the American Dialect Society's electronic mailing list, archived at http://listserv.linguistlist.org/archives/ads-l.html For a newsgroup posting, end with the name of the newsgroup.
Wittenberg, E. (2001, July 11). Gender and the Internet [Msg 4]. Message posted to news://comp.edu.composition PsychMate [Computer software]. (2003). Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.
Office of the Federal Register. (2003). The United States government manual 2003/2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Cite an online government document as you would a printed government work, adding the date of access
and the URL. If there is no date, use n.d.
U.S. Public Health Service. (1999). The surgeon general's call to action to prevent suicide. Retrieved November 5, 2003, from http://www.mentalhealth.org/suicideprevention/calltoaction.asp If you use Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI), include the DAI volume, issue, and page number.
If you use the UMI digital dissertation service, include the UMI number in parentheses.
Bandelj, N. (2003). Embedded economies: Foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe (Doctoral dissertation, Princeton University, 2003). Dissertation Abstracts International, 64 (03), 1083. (UMI No. 3085036) Give the report number, if available, in parentheses after the title.
McCool, R., Fikes, R., & McGuinness, D. (2003). Semantic web tools for enhanced authoring (Report No. KSL-03-07). Stanford, CA: Knowledge Systems Laboratory. Mama, A. (2001). Challenging subjects: Gender and power in African contexts. In Proceedings of Nordic African Institute Conference: Rethinking power in Africa. Uppsala, Sweden, 9-18. Cite the month of the meeting if it is available.
Jones, J. G. (1999, February). Mental health intervention in mass casualty disasters. Paper presented at the Rocky Mountain Region Disaster Mental Health Conference, Laramie, WY. Barnes Young, L. L. (2003, August). Cognition, aging, and dementia. Poster session presented at the 2003 Division 40 APA Convention, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Moore, M. (Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine [Motion picture]. United States: MGM. Imperioli, M. (Writer), & Buscemi, S. (Director). (2002). Everybody hurts [Television series episode]. In D. Chase (Executive Producer), The Sopranos. New York: Home Box Office. The Avalanches. (2001). Frontier psychiatrist. On Since I left you [CD]. Los Angeles: Elektra/Asylum Records. |
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