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Mathematics

  • Common Symbols
  • Useful Geometry Formulas
  • Common Weights and Measures
  • Web Sites

    COMMON SYMBOLS

    πpi (3.14159)
    >greater than
    <less than
    ≠not equal to
    ≈approximately equal to
    proportional to
    ||parallel to
    ∑sum of
    square root
    Uunion of two sets
    imgintersection of two sets
    emptyempty set
    ∞infinity
    X5 or X^5exponent
    !factorial
    ƒfunction

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    USEFUL GEOMETRY FORMULAS

    Circumference: C = 2πr  or   πd

    Area of a circle: A = πr2

    Area of a rectangle: A = lw

    Area (surface) of a sphere: A = 4πr2

    Area of a square: A = s2

    Area of a triangle: A = ½ bh

    Volume of a cone: V = 1/3 πr2h

    Volume of a cube: V = s3

    Volume of a cylinder: V = πr2h

    Volume of a pyramid: V = 1/3 hlw

    Volume of a sphere: V = 4/3 πr3     		VARIABLES

    r  =  radius

    h  =  height

    s  =  side

    l  =  length

    b  =  base

    w  =  width

    d  =  diameter

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    COMMON WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

    LENGTH

    English Metric Equivalent
    1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
    1 foot = 12 inches = 30.48 centimeters
    1 yard = 3 feet = .914 meter
    1 fathom = 6 feet
    1 rod = 5.5 yards
    1 furlong = 220 yards
    1 mile = 1,760 yards = 1.609 kilometers
    1 nautical mile = 1.152 miles
    1 league = 3 miles


    AREA

    English Metric Equivalent
    1 square inch = 6.452 square centimeters
    1 square foot = 144 square inches = 929.03 square centimeters
    1 square yard = 9 square feet = .836 square meter
    1 square rod = 30.25 square yards
    1 acre = 160 square rods = .405 hectare
    1 square mile = 640 acres = 2.59 square kilometers


    WEIGHT

    English Metric Equivalent
    1 dram = 27.344 grains
    1 ounce = 16 drams = 28.35 grams
    1 pound = 16 ounces = .4536 kilogram
    1 ton = 2,000 pounds = .907 metric ton
    1 long ton = 2,240 pounds


    VOLUME

    English Metric Equivalent
    1 fluid ounce = 29.574 milliliters
    1 gill = 4 fluid ounces
    1 liquid pint = 16 fluid ounces = .473 liter
    1 dry pint = .551 liter
    1 liquid quart = 2 liquid pints = .946 liter
    1 gallon = 4 liquid quarts = 3.785 liters
    1 dry quart = 2 dry pints = 1.101 liters
    1 peck = 8 dry quarts = 8.810 liters
    1 bushel = 4 pecks = 35.238 liters

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    WEB SITES

    AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, MATH ON THE WEB
    http://www.ams.org/mathweb

    MATH ARCHIVES UNDERGRADS' PAGE
    http://archives.math.utk.edu/undergraduates.html

    MATH FORUM INTERNET MATHEMATICS LIBRARY
    http://mathforum.org/library

    NIST (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY) VIRTUAL LIBRARY
    http://nvl.nist.gov

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