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EasyWriter Resources / Documenting Sources / Chicago Style: In-Text Citations, Notes, and Bibliographic Entries In Chicago style, use superscript numbers (1) to mark citations in the text.
Number citations sequentially throughout the text; each should correspond to a note that contains either publication
information about the source cited or explanatory or supplemental material not included in the main text.
In the text
Sweig argues that Castro and Che Guevara were not the only key players in the Cuban Revolution of the late 1950s.19 
In the first note
19. Julia Sweig, Inside the Cuban Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), 9.
In subsequent notes
After giving complete information the first time you cite a work, shorten any additional references
to that work: list only the author's name followed by a comma, a shortened version of the title followed by a comma,
and the page number. If the reference is to the same source cited in the previous note, you can use the Latin
abbreviation Ibid. (for "in the same place") instead of the name and title.
19. Julia Sweig, Inside the Cuban Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), 9. 20. Ibid., 13. 21. Ferguson, "Comfort of Being Sad," 63. 22. Sweig, Cuban Revolution, 21. The alphabetical list of the sources in the paper is usually titled Bibliography.
If Sources Consulted, Works Cited, or Selected Bibliography better describes your list, however, any of these
titles is acceptable.
In the bibliographic entry for a source, include the same information as in the first note for that source,
but omit the specific page reference. However, give the first author's name last name first, followed by a comma and the
first name; separate the main elements of the entry with periods rather than commas; type the first line flush with the left margin and
indent subsequent lines of each entry; and do not enclose the publication information for books in parentheses.
List bibliographic entries alphabetically by authors' last names or, if an author is unknown, by the first major word in the title.
In the bibliography
Sweig, Julia. Inside the Cuban Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. The following examples demonstrate how to format both notes and bibliographic entries
according to Chicago style. The note, which is numbered, appears first; the bibliographic entry,
which is not numbered, appears below the note.
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| Directory to Chicago-Style Notes and Bibliographic Entries |
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NOTE
1. James S. Hirsch, Riot and Remembrance: The Tulsa Race War and Its Legacy (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002), 119. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hirsch, James S. Riot and Remembrance: The Tulsa Race War and Its Legacy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002. NOTE
2. Margaret Macmillan and Richard Holbrooke, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2003), 384. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Macmillan, Margaret, and Richard Holbrooke. Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World. New York: Random House, 2003. When there are more than three authors, you may give the first-listed author followed by et al. or
and others in the note. In the bibliography, however, list all the authors' names.
NOTE
2. Stephen J. Blank and others, Conflict, Culture, and History: Regional Dimensions (Miami: University Press of the Pacific, 2002), 276. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Blank, Stephen J., Lawrence E. Grinter, Karl P. Magyar, Lewis B. Ware, and Bynum E. Weathers. Conflict, Culture, and History: Regional Dimensions. Miami: University Press of the Pacific, 2002. NOTE
3. Broad Stripes and Bright Stars (Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2002), 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Broad Stripes and Bright Stars. Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2002. NOTE
4. James H. Fetzer, ed., The Great Zapruder Film Hoax: Deceit and Deception in the Death of JFK (Chicago: Open Court Publishing, 2003), 56. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fetzer, James H., ed. The Great Zapruder Film Hoax: Deceit and Deception in the Death of JFK. Chicago: Open Court Publishing, 2003. NOTE
5. Denise Little, "Born in Blood," in Alternate Gettysburgs, ed. Brian Thomsen and Martin H. Greenberg (New York: Berkley Publishing Group, 2002), 245. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Little, Denise. "Born in Blood." In Alternate Gettysburgs, edited by Brian Thomsen and Martin H. Greenberg, 242–55. New York: Berkley Publishing Group, 2002. NOTE
6. Svetonius; The Twelve Caesars, trans. Robert Graves (London: Penguin Classics, 1989), 202. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Svetonius. The Twelve Caesars, Translated by Robert Graves. London: Penguin Classics, 1989. NOTE
7. Charles G. Beaudette, Excess Heat: Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed, 2nd ed. (South Bristol, ME: Oak Grove Press, 2002), 313. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Beaudette, Charles G. Excess Heat: Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed. 2nd ed. South Bristol, ME: Oak Grove Press, 2002. NOTE
8. John Watson, Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in the Olden Time, vol. 2 (Washington, DC: Ross & Perry, 2003), 514. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Watson, John. Annals of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania in the Olden Time. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Ross & Perry, 2003. Use s.v., for the Latin sub verbo ("under the word"), to help your reader find the entry.
NOTE
9. Encarta World Dictionary, s.v. "carpetbagger." Do not list reference works in your bibliography.
NOTE
10. Karin Lützen, "The Female World: Viewed from Denmark," Journal of Women's History 12, no. 3 (2000): 36. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lützen, Karin. "The Female World: Viewed from Denmark." Journal of Women's History 12, no. 3 (2000): 34–38. NOTE
11. Douglas Brinkley and Anne Brinkley, "Lawyers and Lizard-Heads," Atlantic Monthly, May 2002, 56. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brinkley, Douglas, and Anne Brinkley. "Lawyers and Lizard-Heads." Atlantic Monthly, May 2002, 55–61. NOTE
12. Caroline E. Mayer, "Wireless Industry to Adopt Voluntary Standards," Washington Post, September 9, 2003, sec. E. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mayer, Caroline E. "Wireless Industry to Adopt Voluntary Standards." Washington Post, September 9, 2003, sec. E.
NOTE
13. Rutgers University, "Picture Gallery," The Rutgers Oral History Archives of World War II, http://fas-history.rutgers.edu/oralhistory/orlhom.htm (accessed November 7, 2003). BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rutgers University. "Picture Gallery." The Rutgers Oral History Archives of World War II. http://fas-history.rutgers.edu/oralhistory/orlhom.htm (accessed November 7, 2003). NOTE
14. Janja Bec, The Shattering of the Soul (Los Angeles: The Simon Wiesenthal Center, 1997),
http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books/shatteringsoul/ BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bec, Janja. The Shattering of the Soul. Los Angeles: The Simon Wiesenthal Center, 1997. http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/resources/books/shatteringsoul/index.html (accessed November 6, 2003). NOTE
15. Damian Bracken, "Rationalism and the Bible in Seventh-Century Ireland," Chronicon 2 (1998), http://www.ucc.ie/chronicon/bracfra.htm (accessed November 1, 2003). BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bracken, Damian. "Rationalism and the Bible in Seventh-Century Ireland." Chronicon 2 (1998). http://www.ucc.ie/chronicon/bracfra.htm (accessed November 1, 2003). NOTE
16. Kim Iskyan, "Putin's Next Power Play," Slate, November 4, 2003, http://slate.msn.com/id/2090745 (accessed November 7, 2003). BIBLIOGRAPHY
Iskyan, Kim. "Putin's Next Power Play." Slate, November 4, 2003. http://slate.msn.com/id/2090745 (accessed November 7, 2003). NOTE
17. Peter DeMarco, "Holocaust Survivors Lend Voice to History," Boston Globe, November 2, 2003, http://www.lexisnexis.com (accessed November 19, 2003). BIBLIOGRAPHY
DeMarco, Peter. "Holocaust Survivors Lend Voice to History." Boston Globe, November 2, 2003. http://www.lexisnexis.com (accessed November 19, 2003). Cite email messages and other personal communications, such as letters and telephone calls, in the text or
in a note only, not in the bibliography. (Chicago style recommends hyphenating email.)
NOTE
18. Kareem Adas, e-mail message to author, February 11, 2004.
NOTE
19. Condoleezza Rice, interview by Charlie Rose, The Charlie Rose Show, PBS, October 30, 2003. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rice, Condoleezza. Interview by Charlie Rose. The Charlie Rose Show. PBS, October 30, 2003. Interviews you conduct are considered personal communications.
NOTE
20. Edward Norton and Edward Furlong, American History X, DVD, directed by Tony Kaye (1998; Los Angeles: New Line Studios, 2002). BIBLIOGRAPHY
Norton, Edward, and Edward Furlong. American History X. DVD. Directed by Tony Kaye 1998. Los Angeles: New Line Studios, 2002. NOTE
21. The Civil War, CD-ROM (Fogware Publishing, 2000). BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Civil War. CD-ROM. Fogware Publishing, 2000. Information about the author or publisher may not be readily available, but give enough information to identify your source.
NOTE
22. Jamie McCarthy, Who Is David Irving? (San Antonio, TX: The Holocaust History Project, 1998). BIBLIOGRAPHY
McCarthy, Jamie. Who Is David Irving? San Antonio, TX: The Holocaust History Project, 1998. NOTE
23. U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means, Report on Trade Mission to Sub-Saharan Africa, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003), 28. BIBLIOGRAPHY
U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means. Report on Trade Mission to Sub-Saharan Africa. 108th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003. |
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