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EasyWriter Resources / Documenting Sources / APA Style: List of References The alphabetical list of the sources cited in your document is called References.
(If your instructor asks that you list everything you have read—not just the sources
you cite—call the list Bibliography.) APA style specifies the treatment and placement of four
basic elements—author, publication date, title, and other publication information.
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| Directory to APA Style for a List of References |
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Lightman, A. P. (2002). The diagnosis. New York: Vintage Books.
Walsh, M. E., & Murphy, J. A. (2003). Children, health, and learning: A guide to the issues. Westport, CT: Praeger. Committee on Abrupt Climate Change, National Research Council. (2002). Abrupt climate change: Inevitable surprises. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Use the word Author as the publisher when the organization is both the author and the publisher.
Resources for Rehabilitation. (2003). A woman's guide to coping with disability. London: Author. National Geographic atlas of the Middle East. (2003). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. Dickens, J. (Ed.). (1995). Family outing: A guide for parents of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. London: Peter Owen. Burke, W. W., & Nourmair, D. A. (2001). The role of personality assessment in organization development. In J. Waclawski & A. H. Church (Eds.), Organization development: A data-driven approach to organizational change (pp. 55–77). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Al-Farabi, A. N. (1998). On the perfect state (R. Walzer, Trans.). Chicago: Kazi. Moore, G. S. (2002). Living with the earth: Concepts in environmental health science (2nd ed.). New York: Lewis. Barnes, J. (Ed.). (1995). Complete works of Aristotle (Vol. 2). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. If no author is listed, begin with the title.
Dean, C. (1994). Jaws and teeth. In The Cambridge encyclopedia of human evolution (pp. 56–59). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Piaget, J. (1952). The language and thought of the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Original work published 1932) List two or more works by the same author in chronological order. Repeat the author's name in each entry.
Goodall, J. (1999). Reason for hope: A spiritual journey. New York: Warner Books. Goodall, J. (2002). Performance and evolution in the age of Darwin: Out of the natural order. New York: Routledge.
O'Connell, D. C., & Kowal, S. (2003). Psycholinguistics: A half century of monologism. The American Journal of Psychology, 116, 191–212. Hall, R. E. (2000). Marriage as vehicle of racism among women of color. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 37(2), 29–40. Ricciardi, S. (2003, August 5). Enabling the mobile work force. PC Magazine, 22, 46. Faler, B. (2003, August 29). Primary colors: Race and fundraising. The Washington Post, p. A5. Zelneck, B. (2003, July 18). Serving the public at public universities [Letter to the editor]. The Chronicle Review, p. B18. Annual meeting announcement. (2003, March). Cognitive Psychology, 46, 227. Ringel, S. (2003). [Review of the book Multiculturalism and the therapeutic process]. Clinical Social Work Journal, 31, 212–213. Smith, H. (2002, October). [Interview with A. Thompson]. The Sun, pp. 4–7. List the works alphabetically by title, and place lowercase letters (a, b, etc.) after the dates.
Shermer, M. (2002a). On estimating the lifetime of civilizations. Scientific American, 287(2), 33. Shermer, M. (2002b). Readers who question evolution. Scientific American, 287(1), 37.
The APA Style Guide to Electronic References (2007) includes guidelines for citing various kinds of electronic resources, including Web sites; articles, reports, and abstracts; some types of online communications; and computer software. Updated guidelines are maintained at the APA Web site (www.apa.org).
The basic entry for most sources you access via the Internet should include the following elements:
Give the author, date, title, and publication information as you would for a print document. Include both the volume and issue numbers for all journal articles. If the article has a DOI, include it. If there is no DOI, include the URL for the article or for the periodical's home page (if the URL is long or if the article is available by subscription only). For newspaper articles accessible from a searchable Web site, give the URL only.
Steedman, M., & Jones, G. P. (2000). Information structure and the syntax-phonology interface. Linguistic Inquiry, 31, 649–689. doi: 10.1162/002438900554505 Lou, L., & Chen, J. (2003, January). Attention and blind-spot phenomenology. Psyche, 9(2). Retrieved from http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v9/psyche-9-02-lou.html Give the information as you would for a print document. Include both the volume and issue numbers for journal articles. If the article has a DOI, include it, and omit the name of the database. If there is no DOI, include the name of the database and the document number, if any. If you are citing an abstract, use the notation Abstract retrieved.
Crook, S. (2003). Change, uncertainty and the future of sociology. Journal of Sociology, 39(1), 7–14. Retrieved from Expanded Academic ASAP database (A101260213). McCall, R. B. (1998). Science and the press: Like oil and water? American Psychologist, 43(2), 87–94. Abstract retrieved from PsycINFO database (1988-18263-001). Include information as you would for a print document, followed by information about its retrieval. If no author is identified, give the title of the document followed by the date (if available).
DotComSense: Commonsense ways to protect your privacy and assess online mental health information. (2000, January). APA Monitor, 31, 32. Retrieved January 25, 2001, from http://helping.apa.org/dotcomsense/
After the chapter or section title, type In and give the document title, with identifying information, if any, in parentheses. End with the date of access and the URL.
Salamon, Andrew. (n.d.). War in Europe. In Childhood in Times of War (chap. 2). Retrieved April 11, 2005, from http://remember.org/jean Do not include entries for email messages or real-time communications (such as IMs) in your list of references; instead, cite these sources in your text as forms of personal communication.
List an online posting in the references list only if the message is retrievable forma mailing list's archive. Give the author's name and the posting's date and subject line. Include other identifying information in square brackets. For a listserv message, include both the name of the list and the URL of the archived message.
Troike, R. C. (2001, June 21). Buttercups and primroses [Msg 8]. Message posted to the American Dialect Society's electronic mailing list, archived at http://listserv.linguistlist.org/archives/ads-l.html For a newsgroup posting, end with the name of the newsgroup. (If the author's real name is unavailable, include the screen name.) Wittenberg, E. (2001, July 11). Gender and the Internet [Msg 4]. Message posted to news://comp.edu.composition PsychMate [Computer software]. (2003). Available from Psychology Software Tools: http://pstnet.com/productsPsychMate
Office of the Federal Register. (2003). The United States government manual 2003/2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Public Health Service. (1999). The surgeon general's call to action to prevent suicide. Retrieved November 5, 2003, from http://www.mentalhealth.org/suicideprevention/calltoaction.asp If you use Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI), include the volume, issue, and page number.
If you use the UMI digital dissertation service, include the UMI number.
Bandelj, N. (2003). Embedded economies: Foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe (Doctoral dissertation, Princeton University, 2003). Dissertation Abstracts International, 64 (03), 1083. (UMI No. 3085036) McCool, R., Fikes, R., & McGuinness, D. (2003). Semantic web tools for enhanced authoring (Report No. KSL-03-07). Stanford, CA: Knowledge Systems Laboratory. Mama, A. (2001). Challenging subjects: Gender and power in African contexts. In Proceedings of Nordic African Institute Conference: Rethinking power in Africa. Uppsala, Sweden, 9–18. Moore, M. (Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine [Motion picture]. United States: MGM. Imperioli, M. (Writer), & Buscemi, S. (Director). (2002). Everybody hurts [Television series episode]. In D. Chase (Executive Producer), The Sopranos. New York: Home Box Office. The Avalanches. (2001). Frontier psychiatrist. On Since I left you [CD]. Los Angeles: Elektra/Asylum Records. |
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