Documenting Sources
MLA Style
• MLA Style:
  In-Text Citations
• MLA Style: Explanatory
  and Bibliographic Notes
• MLA Style:
  List of Works Cited
• MLA Style: Student Sample
APA Style
Chicago Style
CSE Style



EasyWriter Resources / Documenting Sources /
MLA Style: List of Works Cited

A list of works cited is an alphabetical list of the sources you have referred to in your essay. (If your instructor asks you to list everything you have read as background, call the list Works Consulted.)

List of Works Cited Index
BOOKS:
1. One author
2. More than one author
3. Organization as author
4. Unknown author
5. Two or more books by the same author
6. Editor
7. Author and editor
8. Work in an anthology
9. Two or more items from an anthology
10. Translation
11. Edition other than the first
12. Multivolume work
13. Preface, foreward, introduction, or afterword
14. Entry in a reference work
15. Book that is part of a series
16. Republication
17. Publisher's imprint
18. Title within a title
19. Government publication
20. Sacred text
PERIODICALS
21. Article in a journal
22. Article in a magazine
23. Article in a newspaper
24. Editorial or letter to the editor
25. Review
26. Unsigned article
ELECTRONIC SOURCES
27. Article from an online database
28. Article from a database accessed through a library or personal subscription service
29. Work from a Web site
30. Entire Web site
31. Academic course or department Web site
32. Online book
33. Part of an online book
34. Article in an online journal
35. Online editorial or letter to the editor
36. Online review
37. Posting to a discussion group
38. Email
39. CD-ROM
OTHER SOURCES (INCLUDING ONLINE VERSIONS)
40. Report or pamphlet
41. Dissertation
42. Dissertation abstract
43. Unpublished or personal interview
44. Published interview
45. Broadcast interview
46. Unpublished letter
47. Legal source
48. Film, video, or DVD
49. Television or radio program
50. Sound recording
51. Musical composition
52. Lecture or speech
53. Live performance
54. Work of art or photograph
55. Map or chart
56. Advertisement
57. Cartoon or comic strip



BOOKS

Winchester, Simon. The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Print.



For the first two or three authors, list all the names. For more authors, either list all the names or give the first author listed on the title page, followed by a comma and et al. ("and others").

Martineau, Jane, Desmond Shawe-Taylor, and Jonathan Bate. Shakespeare in Art. London: Merrell, 2003. Print.



Getty Trust Publications. Seeing the Getty Center/Seeing the Getty Gardens. Los Angeles: Getty Trust Publications, 2000. Print.



New Concise World Atlas. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. Print.



Lorde, Audre. A Burst of Light. Ithaca: Firebrand, 1988. Print.

- - -. Sister Outsider. Trumansburg: Crossing, 1984. Print.


Wall, Cheryl A., ed. Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1989. Print.



James, Henry. Portrait of a Lady. Ed. Leon Edel. Boston: Houghton, 1963. Print.


Komunyakaa, Yusef. "Facing It." The Seagull Reader. Ed. Joseph Kelly. New York: Norton, 2000. 126–27. Print.




Estleman, Loren D. "Big Tim Magoon and the Wild West." Walker 391–404. Print.

Salzer, Susan K. "Miss Libbie Tells All." Walker 199–212. Print.

Walker, Dale L., ed. Westward: A Fictional History of the American West. New York: Forge, 2003. Print.


Hietamies, Laila. Red Moon over White Sea. Trans. Borje Vahamaki. Beaverton, ON: Aspasia, 2000. Print.



Walker, John A. Art in the Age of Mass Media. 3rd ed. London: Pluto, 2001. Print.


Ch'oe, Yong-Ho, Peter Lee, and William Theodore De Barry, eds. Sources of Korean Tradition. Vol. 2. New York: Columbia UP, 2000. 2 vols. Print.

If you cite more than one volume, give the total number of volumes after the title.

Ch'oe, Yong-Ho, Peter Lee, and William Theodore De Barry, eds. Sources of Korean Tradition. 2 vols. New York: Columbia UP, 2000. Print.


Atwan, Robert. Foreword. The Best American Essays 2002. Ed. Stephen Jay Gould. Boston: Houghton, 2002. viii–xii. Print.



Kettering, Alison McNeil. "Art Nouveau." World Book Encyclopedia. 2002 ed. Print.

"Traquair, Sir John Stewart." Encyclopedia Brittanica. 11th ed. 1911. Print.


Nichanian, Marc, and Vartan Matiossian, eds. Yeghishe Charents: Poet of the Revolution. Armenian Studies Ser. 5. Costa Mesa: Mazda, 2003. Print.



Scott, Walter. Kenilworth. 1821. New York: Dodd, 1956. Print.


Gilligan, Carol. The Birth of Pleasure: A New Map of Love. New York: Vintage-Random, 2003. Print.


Mullaney, Julie. Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things: A Reader's Guide. New York: Continuum, 2002. Print.


Kinsella, Kevin, and Victoria Velkoff. An Aging World: 2001. US Bureau of the Census. Washington: GPO, 2001. Print.

United States. Natl. Council on Disability. Reconstructing Fair Housing. Washington: Natl. Council on Disability, 2001. Print.



If the version is not part of the title, list the version after the title. If you are not citing a particular edition, do not include sacred texts in the works-cited list.

Quran: The Final Testament (Authorized English Version) with Arabic Text. Trans. Rashad Khalifa. Fremont: Universal Unity, 2000. Print.


PERIODICALS


Gigante, Denise. "The Monster in the Rainbow: Keats and the Science of Life." PMLA 117.3 (2002): 433–48. Print.



Give the month if published monthly or date (if weekly) of publication. Abbreviate the names of months except for May, June, and July.

Fonda, Daren. "Saving the Dead." Life Apr. 2000: 69–72. Print.

Gilgoff, Dan. "Unusual Suspects." US News and World Report 26 Nov. 2001: 51. Print.


Vogel, Carol. "With Huge Gift, the Whitney Is No Longer a Poor Cousin." New York Times 3 Aug. 2002, late ed.: A1+. Print.



Magee, Doug. "Soldier's Home." Editorial. Nation 26 Mar. 1988: 400–01. Print.


Denby, David. "High Roller." Rev. of The Aviator, dir. Martin Scorsese. New Yorker 20 Dec. 2004: 186–87. Print.



"Performance of the Week." Time 6 Oct. 2003: 18. Print.


ELECTRONIC SOURCES

The entry for most electronic sources may include up to six basic elements, as in the following list.
  • Author. List the last name first, followed by a comma and the first name, and end with a period. If no author is given, begin the entry with the title.

  • Title. Enclose the title of the document in quotation marks and end with a period inside the closing quotation mark. If you are citing an entire site or an online book, the title should be italicized. Capitalize all major words.

  • Print publication information. Give any information the document provides about any previous or simultaneous publication in print.

  • Electronic publication information. List all of the following items that you can find, with a period after each one: the title of the site; the editor(s) of the site, preceded by Ed.; the version number of the site, preceded by Vers.; and the name of any sponsoring institution or organization. Then add the date of electronic publication or of the latest update, with the month, if any, abbreviated except for May, June, and July, and end with the medium consulted (Web).

  • Date of access. Give the most recent date you accessed the source.

  • URLs. Include a url only if you think your readers will have difficulty finding your source without one. If you do include a URL, put it after the period following the date of access, enclose it in angle brackets, and put a period after the closing bracket.
Further guidelines for citing electronic sources can be found in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers and online at www.mla.org.


For a work from an online database, provide all of the following elements that are available: the author's name; the title of the work (in quotation marks); any print publication information; the name of the online database (italicized); the name of its editor (if any) preceded by Ed.; the date of the most recent revision; the name of any organization or institution with which the database is affiliated; the medium consulted (Web); and the date of access.

"Bolivia: Elecciones Presidenciales de 2002." Political Database of the Americas. 1999. Georgetown U and Organization of Amer. States. Web. 12 Nov. 2003.




For a work from a library or personal subscription service, include the name of the database (if you know it), the name of the service, the medium consulted (Web), and the date of access.

Gordon, Andrew. "It's Not Such a Wonderful Life: The Neurotic George Bailey." American Journal of Psychoanalysis 54.3 (1994): 219–33. PsycINFO. EBSCOhost. Web. 26 Oct. 2003.

Weeks, W. William. "Beyond the Ark." Nature Conservancy Mar.–Apr. 1999. America Online. Web. 2 Apr. 1999.



Include all of the following elements that are available: the author, the title of the document, the name of the Web site, the editor, the date of publication, the name of the institution or organization associated with the site, the medium consulted (Web), and the date of access.

"Hands Off Public Broadcasting." Media Matters for America, 24 May 2005. Web. 31 May 2005.

Stauder, Ellen Keck. "Darkness Audible: Negative Capability and Mark Doty's 'Nocturne in Black and Gold.'" Romantic Circles Praxis Series. Ed. Orrin Wang. 2003. Web. 28 Sept. 2003.

Cite an entry from a blog as you would any document from a Web site, including the title of the blog, followed by the date of the posting.

Parker, Randall. "Growth Rate for Electronic Hybrid Vehicle Market Debate." Future Pundit. 20 May 2005. Web. 24 May 2005.



Follow the guidelines for a specific work from the Web, but begin with the title of the entire site and name the editor(s), if any.

Electronic Poetry Center. Ed. Charles Bernstein, Kenneth Goldsmith, Martin Spinelli, and Patrick Durgin. 2003. Web. 26 Sept. 2003.

Weather.com. 2003. Weather Channel Interactive. Web. 13 Mar. 2003.

To cite a personal Web site, include the name of the person who created the site and the title or (if there is no title) a description, such as Home page.

Lunsford, Andrea A. Home page. Stanford U. 15 Mar. 2008. Web. 17 May 2009.



For the site of an academic course, include the name of the instructor, the title of the course in quotation marks, a description such as Course home page, the dates of the course, the name of the department, the name of the institution, the medium consulted (Web), and the access information.

Lunsford, Andrea A. "Memory and Media." Course home page. Sept.-Dec. 2002. Dept. of English, Stanford U. Web. 13 Mar. 2003.

For the site of an academic department, give the name of the department, a description such as Dept. home page, and the name of the institution.

English. Dept. home page. Amherst Coll., n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2005.



Cite an online book as you would a print book. After the print publication information, if any, give the electronic publication information, the medium, and the date of access.

Euripides. The Trojan Women. Trans. Gilbert Murray. New York: Oxford UP, 1915. Internet Sacred Text Archive. Web. 12 Oct. 2003.



Include the title of the part.

Riis, Jacob. "The Genesis of the Gang." The Battle with the Slum. New York: Macmillan, 1902. Bartleby.com: Great Books Online. 2000. Web. 31 March 2005.



Cite an online journal article as you would a print journal article. If an online article does not have page numbers, use n. pag. End with the medium consulted (Web) and the date of access.

Gallapher, Brian. "Greta Garbo Is Sad: Some Historical Reflections on the Paradoxes of Stardom in the American Film Industry, 1910-1960." Images: A Journal of Film and Popular Culture 3 (1997): n. pag. Web. 7 Aug. 2002.



Include the word Editorial or Letter after the author (if given) and title (if any). Include the name of the Web site, the date of electronic publication, the medium, and the access date.

Piccato, Pablo. Letter. New York Times. New York Times, 9 Nov. 2003. Web. 9 Nov. 2003.



Begin with the author's name and the title of the review (if any), followed by Rev. of; the title of the reviewed work; and the name of the work's author, editor, or director. Then add the name of the Web site, the sponsor, the date of electronic publication, the medium, and the date of access.

O'Hehir, Andrew. "The Nightmare in Iraq." Rev. of Gunner Palace, dir. Michael Tucker and Petra Epperlein. Salon. Salon Media Group, 4 Mar. 2005. Web. 24 May 2005.



Include the author's name and the title of the posting (in quotation marks). Follow with the name of the Web site, the sponsor or publisher of the site (use N.p. if there is no sponsor), the date of publication, the medium (Web), and the date of access.

Daly, Catherine. "Poetry Slams." Poetics Discussion List. SUNY Buffalo. 29 Aug. 2003. Web. 1 Oct. 2003.



Include the writer's name, the subject line of the message (in quotation marks), Message to (not italicized or in quotation marks) followed by the recipient's name, the date of the message, and the medium of delivery (E-mail).

Harris, J. "Thoughts on Impromptu Stage Productions." Message to Sarah Eitzel. 16 July 2003. E-mail.



For a periodically revised CD-ROM, after the publication information for the text's print version, if any, include the term CD-ROM, the name of the company or group producing it, and the electronic publication date.

Ashenfelter, Orley, and Kathryn Graddy. "Auctions and the Price of Art." Journal of Economic Literature 41.3 (2003): 763–87. CD-ROM. Amer. Economic Assn. Sept. 2003.

If the CD-ROM is not regularly updated, cite it much like a book. Add the term CD-ROM and, if appropriate, the number of the electronic edition, release, or version. If you are citing only a part of the source, indicate which part and end with the numbers of the part (pp. 78–83, 8 screens) if provided.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003. CD-ROM.



OTHER SOURCES (INCLUDING ONLINE VERSIONS)

Allen, Katherine, and Lee Rainie. Parents Online Washington: Pew Internet and Amer. Life Project, 2002. Print.


Yau, Rittchell Ann. The Portrayal of Immigration in a Selection of Picture Books Published since 1970. Diss. U of San Francisco, 2003. Ann Arbor: UMI, 2003. Print.


Huang-Tiller, Gillian C. "The Power of the Meta-Genre: Cultural, Sexual, and Racial Politics of the American Modernist Sonnet." Diss. U of Notre Dame, 2000. DAI 61 (2000): 1401. Print.



Freedman, Sasha. Personal interview. 10 Nov. 2003.



Include the name of the interviewer after the label Interview, if relevant. Then identify the source.

Ebert, Roger. Interview with Matthew Rothschild. Progressive. Progressive Magazine, Aug. 2003. Web. 5 Oct. 2003.


Taylor, Max. "Max Taylor on Winning." Time 13 Nov. 2000: 66. Print.


Gyllenhaal, Maggie. Interview. Fresh Air. Natl. Public Radio. WBUR, Boston. 30 Sept. 2003. Radio.



Lanois, Sophia. Letter to the author. 25 Aug. 2003. MS.



For a legal case, give the name followed by the case number, the name of the court, and the date of the decision.

Eldred v. Ashcroft. No. 01-618. Supreme Ct. of the US. 15 Jan. 2003. Print.

For an act, followed by the Public Law number of the act, the date it was enacted, and the Statutes at Large cataloging number of the act.

Museum and Library Services Act of 2003. Pub. L. 108-81. 25 Sept. 2003. Stat. 117.991. Print.


Moore, Michael, dir. Bowling for Columbine. 2002. BowlingforColumbine.com. Web. 30 Sept. 2003.

Sideways. Dir. Alexander Payne. Perf. Paul Giamatti, Virginia Madsen, Thomas Haden Church, and Sandra Oh. 2004. Fox Searchlight, 2005. DVD.


Komando, Kim. "E-mail Hacking and the Law." WCBS Radio. WCBS, New York. 28 Oct. 2003. Radio. 11 Nov. 2003.

"Los Angeles: Silenced Partner." City Confidential. Narr. Paul Winfield. Arts and Entertainment Network. 25 Sept. 2003. Television.


Bach, Johann Sebastian. Bach: Violin Concertos. Perf. Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman. English Chamber Orchestra. EMI, 2002. CD.

Fountains of Wayne. "Bright Future in Sales." Welcome Interstate Managers. S-Curve, 2003. MP3.



Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Symphony no. 41 in C major, K551.


Eugenides, Jeffrey. Lecture. Portland Arts and Lectures. Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, Portland, OR. 30 Sept. 2003. Lecture.


Anything Goes. By Cole Porter. Perf. Klea Blackhurst. Shubert Theater, New Haven. 7 Oct. 2003. Performance.


Chagall, Marc. The Poet with the Birds. 1911. Minneapolis Inst. of Arts. Web. 6 Oct. 2003.

Kahlo, Frida. Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair. 1940. Oil on Canvas. Museum of Mod. Art, New York.


"Australia". Map. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. U of Texas, 1999. Web. 4 Nov. 2003.

"California". Map. Chicago: Rand, 2002. Print.



Microsoft. Advertisement. Harper's Oct. 2003: 2–3. Print.

Microsoft. Advertisement. New York Times Online. New York Times, 11 Nov. 2003. Web. 11 Nov. 2003.



Lewis, Eric. "The Unpublished Freud." Cartoon. New Yorker 11 Mar. 2002: 80. Print.




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