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Commas with Coordinate Adjectives



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Commas with Coordinate Adjectives


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Separate coordinate adjectives—those that apply equally to the noun they modify—with commas.

    The twisting, muddy road led to a shack in the woods.

    The adjectives twisting and muddy both apply equally to the noun road, so a comma should separate them.

Not all adjectives that precede a noun are coordinate adjectives.

    The cracked bathroom mirror reflected his face.

    The adjectives cracked and bathroom are not coordinate because cracked modifies bathroom mirror, not just mirror. Do not separate adjectives like these with a comma.

You can usually determine whether adjectives are coordinate by inserting and between them. If the sentence makes sense with the and, the adjectives are coordinate, so separate them with commas.

    They are sincere and talented researchers.

    The sentence makes sense with the and, so the adjectives need a comma: They are sincere, talented researchers.

    Byron carried an elegant and gold and pocket watch.

    The sentence does not make sense with the and, so do not use commas: Byron carried an elegant gold pocket watch.




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